This can be observed in single- and in multi-player games, but it seems to be way easier to reproduce in multi-player games as the window in which the inventory changes and the filter has to be set is bigger somehow.
On multi-player games with high latency it can be simply impossible to set up a filter successfully while producing on hand or receiving items by drone.
To reproduce:
- -Be in a multi-player game
-Have logistic slots
-Have several hundred copper in inventory
-Produce as much copper cable as possible on hand (shift click on copper cable)
-Try set up a logistics filter while copper cable is produced
-If filter is setup successful remove filter and setup again (on MP usually 2 in 3 fail)
PS.: It happened to me with requester chests as well but I was not able to reproduce that.